Israel’s
Purging Of
Palestinian Christians
By Jonathan Cook in Nazareth
10 January, 2007
Countercurrents.org
There is an absurd scene in Palestinian
writer Suad Amiry’s recent book “Sharon and My Mother-in-Law”
that is revealing about Israeli Jews’ attitude to the two other
monotheistic religions. In 1992, long before Israel turned Amiry’s
home city of Ramallah into a permanent ghetto behind checkpoints and
walls, it was still possible for West Bank Palestinians to drive to
Jerusalem and even into Israel -- at least if they had the right permit.
On one occasion Amiry ventures out in her car to East Jerusalem, the
half of the city that was Palestinian before the 1967 war and has since
been engulfed by relentless illegal and state-organised Jewish settlement.
There she sees an elderly Jew collapsing out his car and on to the side
of the road. She pulls over, realises he is having a heart attack and
bundles him into the back of her own car. Not able to speak Hebrew,
she reassures him in English that she is taking him to the nearest hospital.
But as it starts to dawn on him that she is Palestinian, Amiry realises
the terrible problem her charitable act has created: his fear may prompt
him to have another heart attack. “What if he had a fatal heart
attack in the back seat of my car? Would the Israeli police ever believe
I was just trying to help?” she wonders.
The Jewish man seeks to calm himself by asking Amiry if she is from
Bethlehem, a Palestinian city known for being Christian. Unable to lie,
she tells him she is from Ramallah. “You’re Christian?”
he asks more directly. “Muslim,” she admits, to his utter
horror. Only when they finally make it to the hospital does he relax
enough to mumble in thanks: “There are good Palestinians after
all.”
I was reminded of that story as I made the journey to Bethlehem on Christmas
Day. The small city that Amiry’s Jewish heart attack victim so
hoped she would hail from is today as much of an isolated enclave in
the West Bank as other Palestinian cities -- or at least it is for its
Palestinian inhabitants.
For tourists and pilgrims, getting in or out of Bethlehem has been made
reasonably straightforward, presumably to conceal from international
visitors the realities of Palestinian life. I was even offered a festive
chocolate Santa Claus by the Israeli soldiers who control access to
the city where Jesus was supposedly born.
Seemingly oblivious to the distressing historical parallels, however,
Israel forces foreigners to pass through a “border crossing”
-- a gap in the menacing grey concrete wall -- that recalls the stark
black and white images of the entrance to Auschwitz.
The gates of Auschwitz offered a duplicitious motto, “Arbeit macht
frei” (Work makes you free), and so does Israel’s gateway
to Bethlehem. “Peace be with you” is written in English,
Hebrew and Arabic on a colourful large notice covering part of the grey
concrete. The people of Bethlehem have scrawled their own, more realistic
assessments of the wall across much of its length.
Foreign visitors can leave, while Bethlehem’s Palestinians are
now sealed into their ghetto. As long as these Palestinian cities are
not turned into death camps, the West appears ready to turn a blind
eye. Mere concentration camps, it seems, are acceptable.
The West briefly indulged in a bout of soul-searching about the wall
following the publication in July 2004 of the International Court of
Justice’s advisory opinion condemning its construction. Today
the only mild rebukes come from Christian leaders around Christmas time.
Britain’s Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, was foremost
among them this year.
Even those concerns, however, relate mainly to fears that the Holy Land’s
native Christians, once a significant proportion of the Palestinian
population, are rapidly dwindling. There are no precise figures, but
the Israeli media suggests that Christians, who once constituted as
much as 15 per cent of the occupied territories’ Palestinians,
are now just 2 or 3 per cent. Most are to be found in the West Bank
close to Jerusalem, in Bethlehem, Ramallah and neighbouring villages.
A similar pattern can be discerned inside Israel too, where Christians
have come to comprise an ever smaller proportion of Palestinians with
Israeli citizenship. In 1948 they were nearly a quarter of that minority
(itself 20 per cent of the total Israeli population), and today they
are a mere 10 per cent. Most are located in Nazareth and nearby villages
in the Galilee.
Certainly, the continuing fall in the number of Christians in the Holy
Land concerns Israel’s leadership almost as keenly as the patriarchs
and bishops who visit Bethlehem at Christmas -- but for quite the opposite
reason. Israel is happy to see Christians leave, at least of the indigenous
Palestinian variety.
(More welcome are the crazed fundamentalist Christian Zionists from
the United States who have been arriving to help engineer the departure
of Palestinians, Muslims and Christians alike, in the belief that, once
the Jews have dominion over the whole of the Holy Land, Armageddon and
the “End Times” will draw closer.)
Of course, that is not Israel’s official story. Its leaders have
been quick to blame the exodus of Christians on the wider Palestinian
society from which they are drawn, arguing that a growing Islamic extremism,
and the election of Hamas to lead the Palestinian Authority, have put
Christians under physical threat. This explanation neatly avoids mentioning
that the proportion of Christians has been falling for decades.
According to Israel’s argument, the decision by many Christians
to leave the land where generations of their ancestors have been rooted
is simply a reflection of the “clash of civilisations”,
in which a fanatical Islam is facing down the Judeo-Christian West.
Palestinian Christians, like Jews, have found themselves caught on the
wrong side of the Middle East’s confrontation lines.
Here is how the Jerusalem Post, for example, characterised the fate
of the Holy Land’s non-Muslims in a Christmas editorial: “Muslim
intolerance toward Christians and Jews is cut from exactly the same
cloth. It is the same jihad.” The Post concluded by arguing that
only by confronting the jihadis would “the plight of persecuted
Christians -- and of the persecuted Jewish state -- be ameliorated.”
Similar sentiments were recently aired in an article by Aaron Klein
of WorldNetDaily republished on Ynet, Israel’s most popular website,
that preposterously characterised a procession of families through Nazareth
on Eid al-Adha, the most important Muslim festival, as a show of strength
by militant Islam designed to intimidate local Christians.
Islam’s green flags were “brandished”, according to
Klein, whose reporting transformed a local troupe of Scouts and their
marching band into “Young Muslim men in battle gear” “beating
drums”. Nazareth’s youngsters, meanwhile, were apparently
the next generation of Qassam rocket engineers: “Muslim children
launched firecrackers into the sky, occasionally misfiring, with the
small explosives landing dangerously close to the crowds.”
Such sensationalist misrepresentations of Palestinian life are now a
staple of the local and American media. Support for Hamas, for example,
is presented as proof of jihadism run amok in Palestinian society rather
than as evidence of despair at Fatah’s corruption and collaboration
with Israel and ordinary Palestinians’ determination to find leaders
prepared to counter Israel’s terminal cynicism with proper resistance.
The clash of civilisations thesis is usually ascribed to a clutch of
American intellectuals, most notably Samuel Huntingdon, the title of
whose book gave the idea popular currency, and the Orientalist academic
Bernard Lewis. But alongside them have been the guiding lights of the
neocon movement, a group of thinkers deeply embedded in the centres
of American power who were recently described by Ynet as mainly comprising
“Jews who share a love for Israel”.
In fact, the idea of a clash of civilisations grew out of a worldview
that was shaped by Israel’s own interpretation of its experiences
in the Middle East. An alliance between the neocons and Israeli leaders
was cemented in the mid-1990s with the publication of a document called
“A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm”.
It offered a US foreign policy tailor-made to suit Israel’s interests,
including plans for an invasion of Iraq, authored by leading necons
and approved by the Israeli prime minister of the day, Binyamin Netanyahu.
When the neocons rose to power with George Bush’s election to
the White House, the birth of the bastard offspring of the clash of
civilisations -- the war on terror -- was all but inevitable.
Paradoxically, this vision of our future, set out by American and Israeli
Jews, is steeped in fundamentalist Christian religious symbolism, from
the promotion of a civilised West’s crusade against the Muslim
hordes to the implication that the final confrontation between these
civilisations (a nuclear attack on Iran?) may be the End Times itself
-- and thereby lead to the return of the Messiah.
If this clash is to be realised, it must be convincing at its most necessary
confrontation line: the Middle East and more specifically the Holy Land.
The clash of civilisations must be embodied in Israel’s experience
as a civilised, democratic state fighting for its very survival against
its barbarian Muslim neighbours.
There is only one problem in selling this image to the West: the minority
of Christian Palestinians who have happily lived under Muslim rule in
the Holy Land for centuries. Today, in a way quite infuriating to Israel,
these Christians confuse the picture by continuing to take a leading
role in defining Palestinian nationalism and resistance to Israel’s
occupation. They prefer to side with the Muslim “fanatics”
than with Israel, the Middle East’s only outpost of Judeo-Christian
“civilisation”.
The presence of Palestinian Christians reminds us that the supposed
“clash of civilisations” in the Holy Land is not really
a war of religions but a clash of nationalisms, between the natives
and European colonial settlers.
Inside Israel, for example, Christians have been the backbone of the
Communist party, the only non-Zionist party Israel allowed for several
decades. Many of the Palestinian artists and intellectuals who are most
critical of Israel are Christians, including the late novelist Emile
Habibi; the writer Anton Shammas and film-makers Elia Suleiman and Hany
Abu Assad (all now living in exile); and the journalist Antoine Shalhat
(who, for reasons unknown, has been placed under a loose house arrest,
unable to leave Israel).
The most notorious Palestinian nationalist politician inside Israel
is Azmi Bishara, yet another Christian, who has been put on trial and
is regularly abused by his colleagues in the Knesset.
Similarly, Christians have been at the core of the wider secular Palestinian
national movement, helping to define its struggle. They range from exiled
professors such as the late Edward Said to human rights activists in
the occupied territories such as Raja Shehadeh. The founders of the
most militant wings of the national movement, the Democratic and Popular
Fronts for the Liberation of Palestine, were Nayif Hawatmeh and George
Habash, both Christians.
This intimate involvement of Palestinian Christians in the Palestinian
national struggle is one of the reasons why Israel has been so keen
to find ways to encourage their departure -- and then blame it on intimidation
by, and violence from, Muslims.
In truth, however, the fall in the number of Christians can be explained
by two factors, neither of which is related to a clash of civilisations.
The first is a lower rate of growth among the Christian population.
According to the latest figures from Israel’s Bureau of Census
Statistics, the average Christian household in Israel contains 3.5 people
compared to 5.2 in a Muslim household. Looked at another way, in 2005
33 percent of Christians were under the age of 19, compared to 55 percent
of Muslims. In other words, the proportion of Christians in the Holy
Land has been eroded over time by higher Muslim birth rates.
But a second factor is equally, if not more, important. Israel has established
an oppressive rule for Palestinians both inside Israel and in the occupied
territories that has been designed to encourage the most privileged
Palestinians, which has meant disproportionately Christians, to leave.
This policy has been implemented with stealth for decades, but has been
greatly accelerated in recent years with the erection of the wall and
numerous checkpoints. The purpose has been to encourage the Palestinian
elite and middle class to seek a better life in the West, turning their
back on the Holy Land.
Palestinian Christians have had the means to escape for two reasons.
First, they have traditionally enjoyed a higher standard of living,
as city-based shopkeepers and business owners, rather than poor subsistence
farmers in the countryside. And second, their connection to the global
Churches has made it simpler for them to find sanctuary abroad, often
beginning as trips for their children to study overseas.
Israel has turned Christian parents’ financial ability and their
children’s increased opportunities to its own advantage, by making
access to higher education difficult for Palestinians both inside Israel
and in the occupied territories.
Inside Israel, for example, Palestinian citizens still find it much
harder to attend university than Jewish citizens, and even more so to
win places on the most coveted courses, such as medicine and engineering.
Instead, for many decades Israel’s Christians and Muslims became
members of the Communist party in the hope of receiving scholarships
to attend universities in Eastern Europe. Christians were also able
to exploit their ties to the Churches to help them head off to the West.
Many of these overseas graduates, of course, never returned, especially
knowing that they would be faced with an Israeli economy much of which
is closed to non-Jews.
Something similar occurred in the occupied territories, where Palestinian
universities have struggled under the occupation to offer a proper standard
of education, particularly faced with severe restrictions on the movement
of staff and students. Still today, it is not possible to study for
a PhD in either the West Bank or Gaza, and Israel has blocked Palestinian
students from attending its own universities. The only recourse for
most who can afford it has been to head abroad. Again, many have chosen
never to return.
But in the case of the Palestinians of Gaza and the West Bank, Israel
found it even easier to close the door behind them. It established rules,
in violation of international law, that stripped these Palestinians
of their right to residency in the occupied territories during their
absence. When they tried to return to their towns and villages, many
found that they were allowed to stay only on temporary visas, including
tourist visas, that they had to renew with the Israeli authorities every
few months.
Nearly a year ago, Israel quietly took a decision to begin kicking these
Palestinians out by refusing to issue new visas. Many of them are academics
and business people who have been trying to rebuild Palestinian society
after decades of damage inflicted by the occupying regime. A recent
report by the most respected Palestinian university, Bir Zeit, near
Ramallah, revealed that one department had lost 70 per cent of its staff
because of Israel’s refusal to renew visas.
Although there are no figures available, it can probably be safely assumed
that a disproportionate number of Palestinians losing their residency
rights are Christian. Certainly the effect of further damaging the education
system in the occupied territories will be to increase the exodus of
Palestine’s next generation of leaders, including its Christians.
In addition, the economic strangulation of the Palestinians by the wall,
the restrictions on movement and the international economic blockade
of the Palestinian Authority are damaging the lives of all Palestinians
with increasing severity. Privileged Palestinians, and that doubtless
includes many Christians, are being encouraged to seek a rapid exit
from the territorities.
From Israel’s point of view, the loss of Palestinian Christians
is all to the good. It will be happier still if all of them leave, and
Bethlehem and Nazareth pass into the effective custodianship of the
international Churches.
Without Palestinian Christians confusing the picture, it will be much
easier for Israel to persuade the West that the Jewish state is facing
a monolithic enemy, fanatical Islam, and that the Palestinian national
struggle is really both a cover for jihad and a distraction from the
clash of civilisations against which Israel is the ultimate bulwark.
Israel’s hands will be freed.
Israelis like Amiry’s heart attack victim may believe that Palestinian
Christians are not really a threat to their or their state’s existence,
but be sure that Israel has every reason to continue persecuting and
excluding Palestinian Christians as much, if not more, than it does
Palestinian Muslims.
Jonathan Cook is a writer and journalist based in Nazareth,
Israel. His book, Blood and Religion: The Unmasking of the Jewish and
Democratic State, is published by Pluto Press. His website is www.jkcook.net
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