I welcome Dr Prem Singh’s article: The era of `teaching lessons’ as a timely intervention in the current debate over how to resist the goons of the Sangh Parivar, particularly in the context of their recent attack on Swami Agnivesh. I however find a few problems with his position and the implications flowing from it.
First, he seems to be upset with the anti-BJP intellectuals’ attempts to organise a united body’ of Dalits, OBCs, adivasis and minorities in order to, what he terms as
teaching lessons’ to the Sangh Parivar. As far as I can make out from the reports of such attempts made by teachers and students in some universities (e.g. in the University of Hyderabad and Osmania University in Telengana, in Delhi’s JNU and the Banaras Hindu University among others) and by social activists in other areas, these endeavours are not retaliatory (teaching lessons’), but more in the nature of self-protection from the much more powerful ABVP gangsters (who beat up students of the Opposition in the campus) and the vigilantes of Bajrang Dal, VHP and other RSS outfits (who lynch Muslims and Dalits in the name of cow-protection, and attack Christians accusing them of conversion). For a revealing account of the Right-wing physical assaults on academics and students in the various universities under the Modi regime, and the courageous attempts made by these victims to put up resistance, one should read Nandini Sundar’s article:
Academic Freedom and Indian Universities’ in Economic and Political Weeklyof June 16, 2018.
Wouldn’t Dr Singh agree with these intellectuals, students and social activists that there is a need for a united body of Dalits, Muslims, Adivasis and other marginalized and oppressed minorities (which should also be actively supported , and on certain issues be joined by the mainstream secular, socialist and communist parties) to organize a mass movement – in order to defeat our immediate enemy: the fascist Sangh Parivar ? If in the coming 2019 Lok Sabha election, its political agent, the BJP comes back to power – forget what will happen to the marginalized communities, even independent-minded academics like Dr.Prem Singh will be targeted by the state-protected gangsters of theParivar, who had till now (during the Modi regime) claimed as their trophies – eminent academics, rationalists, social activists, and journalists among others, (e.g. Dabholkar, Pansare, Kalburgi, Gauri Lankesh).
The future of a united body’ - fractured by
reservation’ ?
I agree with Dr Singh’s suspicion that sections of Dalits (mainly the creamy layer from amongst them – as well as from OBCs) have been bought off by the BJP, and are collaborating with it,both at the Centre and the states, in its plan to expand the neo-liberal economy.But then who are these collaborators from the OBCs ? Aren’t theythe likes of Nitish Kumar, RamvilasPaswan, who having been beneficiaries of the same reservation’ policy , later climbed up the political ladder of Mandalization to align with the BJP ? Lohia’s formula, by which Dr Prem Singh lays store in the hopeof bringing about“unity among the Dalits, OBCs, adivasis…” (through
reservation,’?) has not worked out. We canof course accuse the BJP government of usurping the reservation’ policy in order to serve its own purpose, by choosing candidates from amongst the beneficiaries of the
reservation’ quota, for plush jobs in the bureaucracy, and privileged positions as MLAs and MPs – or even as ministers in the cabinet.
But that is how every ruling power creates a sub-elite among the dispossessed minorities and co-opts them into its administrative and political structure. Remember how the USA used the `affirmative action’ policy (under the pretension of doling out special privileges for the black community) to identify, select and train certain members from that community by offering them quotas for college admission and higher studies. This created the types of Colin Powell and Condolezza Rice who rose to the top, betrayed the still suffering members of their community, and identified themselves with the ruling powers by turning themselves into the most vociferous touts of Washington’s aggressive policies.
The alternative current of protest
But at the same time, in India today, parallel to the stream of opportunist politicians from the Dalit, OBC and Muslim communities who have joined the band wagon of the ruling BJP, there is an alternative current represented by young social and political activists,especially from among the Dalits,who are moving beyond the demand for reservation in government jobs, and challenging the feudal upper caste hegemony, around more fundamental issues like rights to their traditional occupations, agricultural land, voice in decision-making on economic and social problems. After theincident of the thrashing and killing of Dalits in Una in Gujarat (the Prime Minister’s home state) in July, 2016, we have witnessed the rise of Dalit organizations like the Una Atyachar Ladak Samity’ and
Rashtriya Dalit Adhikar Manch’. We find young leaders like Jignesh Mevani and Chandrashekhar Azad Ravana’ (leader of the
Bhim Army’, now behind bars), who are not willing to be satisfied with sops like reservation’ for a few in government jobs, but are fighting for the much more important need for ensuring the economic security of the vast masses of Dalit poor who have been traditionally engaged in occupations - whichare now coming under threat from the state-supported
cow-rakshak’ vigilantes. It is also encouraging to find that sections of the mainstream Left parties are aligning with such Dalit movements. In Telengana, the formation of the Bahujan Left front, in the wake of the agitation following the suicide of Rohit Vemula in the University of Hyderabad, which gave rise to the slogan `Jai Bhim-Lal Salam’ in the campus, and the emergence of student leaders like Kanhaiya Kumar and Shehla Rashid in JNU, signify the rise of a new generation of potential political leaders.I would request Dr Singh to reach out to these young leaders – among whom he may rediscover the rebellious spirit of Lohia.
The need for `teaching lessons’
This brings me finally to the term teaching lessons’ - used perhaps in a derogatory sense, by Dr.Singh in the title of his article. Let me raise a few questions. Dr.Singh being a professor of Hindi, surely recognizes the importance of language in teaching. What sort of a language is being used by the Sangh Parivar to teach its disciples ? Listen to the hate speeches delivered by the BJP MLAs and MPs at their party rallies. The RSS has been successful in
teaching’ a generation of youth , through its schools and camps, in lessons’ of hatred against Muslims, Dalits, rationalists and political opponents. It is these pupils who, from the
lessons’ that they learnt from their teachers, have emerged as vigilante groups (variously named as go-rakshaks’ or
anti- love jihadis’), which are on a lynching rampage, being protected by their patrons in the BJP ruled states.
The Sangh Parivar teachers and their pupils can communicate in only one language – the language of strong arm tactics. They lack the intellectual ability to engage in any public debatein the language of theology with savants from their own Hindu religious fold. The well-known Arya Samaji monk Swami Agnivesh,over the last several years had been sending invitations to the RSS religious heads for a debate with him on a public platform, on issues like the interpretation of the Vedas, and current controversies over Ram Janambhoomi.Instead of heeding to his polite invitations, the Sangh Parivar recently sent its goons to beat him up in Jharkhand (a BJP-ruled state) where he went to address a meeting of tribal people.
We have reached an extreme stage, where the Sangh Parivar is moving beyond its traditional targets ( Muslims, Dalits, intellectual dissidents, rationalists), and extending its murderous arms against even monks from its own Hindu religious establishment, who dare to challenge it.
In such a situation, where the Sangh Parivar goons are empowered by the BJP-led administration to unilaterally teach lessons’ (according to their norms) to anyone whom they suspect as their enemies, it is necessary for civil society activists to build up alternative mechanisms to
teach lessons’ to these goons also.By this, I don’t mean that we unleash a programme of counter-lynching of the Parivar’s vigilante gangs – as Dr.Singh seems to fear.
The right to resist the Sangh Parivar goons under the Indian Penal Code provisions
I am instead pleading for formulating a strategy and tactics for `teaching lessons’ to them, which will be in accordance of the provisions of the Indian Penal Code. Clause 96 of that Code states: “Nothing is an offence which is done in the exercise of the right of private defence.” Elaborating on that clause, a Supreme Court bench stated: “The law does not require a law-abiding citizen to behave like a coward when confronted with an imminent unlawful aggression. There is nothing more degrading to the human spirit than to run away in face of danger. The right of defence is thus designed to serve a social purpose…” (Re: Mohammad Khan v. State of M.P., 1972 SCC (Cri) 24). Clause 97 further protects the citizen’s right of private defence by clarifying: “Every person has a right….to defend – First, his own body, and the body of any other person, against any offence affecting the human body. Secondly, the property, whether movable or immovable, of himself or of any other person, against any act which is an offence falling under the definition of ..criminal trespass…”
Under these provisions, social activists and civil society groups are empowered to defend “the body of any other person” (e.g. victims of lynching by go-rakshak’ vigilantes), and “the property…of any other person” if threatened by “criminal trespass” (e.g. galleries exhibiting Hussain’s paintings, vandalized by Sangh Parivar hoodlums; halls in JNU and University of Hyderabad campus
criminally trespassed’ into by the ABVP, the BJP students front – to disrupt peaceful meetings and debates).
Empowered by these provisions of the IPC, social activists and civil society groups can set up self-defence squads in villages and urban `mohallas,’ consisting of the local youth, to resist the depredations of the Sangh Parivar goons – in the only language that they can understand.
Sumanta Banerjee is a political and civil rights activist and social scientist
To ‘ teach lessons ‘ to bjp and their ilk, the social activists and civil rights groups must ‘ teach lessons ‘ to the downtrodden masses convincingly explaining them the hindutva agenda, the oerils of manu order and, importantly, the exploitation unleashed by capitalism. Only then, they would unite and struggle against double standards and hypocrisy of the rulers. They should understand that capitalists and fanatics are, in mao’s words, ‘ paper tigers ‘ and cannot withstand the force of proletariat and working masses