This article examines the evolving political dynamics in Kulgam ahead of the forthcoming assembly elections, characterized by a fierce contest between the Left, represented by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) [CPI(M)], and the Right, represented by an independent candidate backed by Jamaat-e-Islami. Traditionally, the primary electoral rivalry in Kulgam involved CPI(M) and the People’s Democratic Party (PDP). However, this election introduces a new dimension, as Jamaat, which had historically abstained from participating in elections, has decided to enter the electoral fray.
Since the abrogation of Article 370 in August 2019, Jamaat-e-Islami has faced significant challenges in the political landscape of Kashmir, with its influence diminishing considerably. For decades, Jamaat adhered to a position that framed elections and voting as haram (forbidden) under religious doctrine, thereby reinforcing their ideological distance from mainstream democratic processes. However, in a significant departure from this long-standing position, Jamaat has decided to contest the elections, thus marking a strategic shift aimed at reintegrating into the political mainstream. This change adds a new layer of complexity to the electoral competition, particularly in Kulgam, which has increasingly become a stronghold of Leftist politics in Jammu and Kashmir.
The post-Article 370 political environment in Kulgam represents a distinctive electoral landscape, characterized by intense competition between CPI(M) and Jamaat-backed candidates. This election is particularly significant as it is the first major democratic exercise in the region since the abrogation of Article 370. Mohammad Yousuf Tarigami, a veteran CPI(M) leader, has maintained dominance in the Kulgam constituency since 1996, with a leadership style that focuses on developmental issues rather than religious appeals. His consistent electoral success underscores the importance of addressing tangible issues such as social welfare and economic development, particularly in a region where religious sentiments are prevalent but have not necessarily translated into political victories.
In contrast, the re-emergence of Jamaat candidates after their withdrawal from the electoral process since 1987 introduces new political uncertainties. Candidates like Sayar Ahmad Reshi, an independent backed by Jamaat, have sought to mobilize support through religious rhetoric, framing the election as a contest for Islamic values. This narrative, wherein a potential loss is equated with the defeat of Islam, raises concerns about the intersection of religion and democratic competition. While religious sentiment has historically been a part of Kashmir’s political culture, the overt association of electoral defeat with religious failure challenges the secular principles of democratic governance.
Several critical factors will influence the outcome of the election in Kulgam. The CPI(M), under Tarigami’s leadership, will need to continue appealing to the electorate through its development-focused and secular agenda. Tarigami’s success exemplifies a model of governance that prioritizes inclusivity and welfare policies over identity-based politics. Conversely, Jamaat’s strategy of invoking religious themes in their campaign may face limitations, particularly as the electorate becomes more attuned to the practical implications of governance in a post-Article 370 Kashmir. Jamaat’s historical skepticism of India’s constitutional framework and their ideological rigidity may alienate voters who prioritize pragmatic governance over ideological purity.
Moreover, the entry of newer political parties, such as the Apni Party, People’s Conference, and PDP, complicates the electoral landscape by increasing the likelihood of vote splitting. While these parties may not be strong contenders for victory, their presence could dilute the vote share of both CPI(M) and Jamaat, making the final outcome more difficult to predict. This fragmentation underscores the complexity of Kulgam’s political environment, where multiple factors are likely to shape the electoral results.
Conclusion
The forthcoming assembly elections in Kulgam offer a crucial test for both CPI(M) and Jamaat as they navigate a post-Article 370 political order. While CPI(M) continues to promote a secular, development-oriented platform that has resonated with voters for decades, Jamaat faces the challenge of redefining its political role in a landscape where religious appeals may no longer suffice. The broader political context, including the presence of new parties and the potential for vote splitting, suggests that the outcome of this election will depend on the ability of parties and candidates to address both the developmental needs of the population and the evolving political aspirations of the region. Ultimately, Kulgam’s political future will either solidify its position as a stronghold of the Left or shift towards a Right-wing direction in shaping its path forward.
Author: Dr. Waseem Ahmad Bhat is Ph. D in Political Science from University of Kashmir
Email: [email protected]
