The breathtaking beauty of the Kashmir Valley, often called “Paradise on Earth,” stands in stark contrast to the mental health crisis increasingly affecting its inhabitants. The prevalence of mental health problems in the region is staggering, with 45% of Kashmir’s adult population (1.8 million) suffering from some form of mental health problem. The figures show a high prevalence of depression (41%), anxiety (26%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (19%), figures that has risen sharply over the past few years due to a complex mix of social, political, and economic factors.
The region has been marred by decades of conflict and instability, leading to chronic stress and trauma. Continuous unrest has resulted in significant loss—of loved ones, homes, and a sense of safety. For instance, reports indicate that violent clashes between security forces and protesters have led to numerous fatalities and injuries, deeply impacting communities and contributing to widespread feelings of helplessness and despair. A report by the National Human Rights Commission of India on May 21, 2004, says that 20,000 people have attempted to die by suicide in the 14 years of socio-political unrest in Kashmir, from 1990 to 2004. The unilateral revocation of Article 370 in August 2019 has aggravated the situation and led to increased insecurity, communication breakdowns and mass arrests. Among every five people in Kashmir, one shows symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, according to the Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (IMHANS). Kashmir has been entitled as “the saddest place in the world” by psychiatrist Dr Arshad Hussain.
Economic decline has exacerbated these issues, particularly in tourism, which has seen a drop of over 50% in recent years. The annual report by ‘The Forum for Human Rights in Jammu and Kashmir’ (TFHRJK) states that Jammu and Kashmir’s net state domestic product (NSDP) registered annual growth of 13.28% between April 2015 and March 2019 which slumped to 8.73% after 2019 when J&K was demoted into a Union Territory. This economic downturn has led to job losses, pushing many families into poverty and creating a sense of hopelessness among the youth.
Alarmingly, a local health study found that around 23% of adolescents in the region reported experiencing severe depression, with some even resorting to self-harm. Tragically, the suicide rate among young people has increased, with reports of several high-profile cases that have sent shockwaves through communities. The latest report of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), published in December 2023, revealed that Jammu and Kashmir had the highest number of reported cases of attempted suicide in 2022. Of the 1,769 cases recorded by the Bureau across India in 2022, 497 were reported from the UT alone. One of my Alig friend wrote that cement bridge in Noor Bagh area of Srinagar has become a notorious point for suicide by drowning. Locals call this bridge the Suicide Bridge.
Unemployment is a significant factor in this growing mental health crisis. With youth unemployment rates soaring to around 25% “much higher than the national average”, many young people are left feeling trapped and disillusioned about their futures. Dolly Sharma recently claimed that Jammu and Kashmir is going through an unemployment crisis as approximately 25 lakh youngsters are seeking jobs. “Contrary to claims by Union Minister Anurag Thakur and LG Manoj Sinha, Jammu and Kashmir ranks second in the country for unemployment with a rate of 28.2 percent, as per the data,” AICC National Media Coordinator, She further added. Here I am not in support any of the political agenda or party. I want to highlight that the lack of job opportunities not only fuels financial insecurity but also erodes self-esteem and purpose, leading to heightened feelings of anxiety and depression. The frustration of being unable to find meaningful work can contribute to a sense of failure, driving some individuals toward despair and, in extreme cases, suicide.
This ongoing struggle underscores the critical need for targeted job creation initiatives that can provide sustainable employment and restore hope to the region’s youth. Additionally, the academic pressure on students has intensified, with many feelings overwhelmed by the expectations to succeed in a challenging environment. A growing number of students have reported mental health crises due to exam stress and the fear of failure, further deepening their struggles. In one incident, a student took their life after receiving poor exam results, prompting protests and calls for better mental health resources in schools.
Despite growing awareness, stigma remains a significant barrier in Kashmir. Many sufferings from depression or anxiety hesitate to seek help due to societal attitudes that regard mental illness as a weakness. This stigma isolates those in need of support, preventing open conversations about mental health.
Educational institutions could play a crucial role in addressing this crisis. By incorporating mental health education into school curriculums, young people could learn about emotional well-being and coping strategies. Awareness campaigns can help dismantle the stigma, encouraging individuals to seek help without fear of judgment. Grassroots organizations and local community initiatives are vital in providing support to those struggling with mental health issues. Community-based counseling, support groups, and workshops can offer safe spaces for individuals to express their feelings and learn from one another. Engaging local leaders in mental health advocacy can further promote a culture of support. In order to prevent attempts to die by suicide authorities should started fencing work on the sides of major bridges; Nawa Kadal, Fateh Kadal, Safa Kadal, Gow Kadal, Noor Jahan Bridge, Budshah Kadal, Arwani-Hussanpora Kadal so and so forth. Apart from this legal surveillance and authoritative patrolling should be there, especially during peak times when distress signals are more likely.
As the Kashmir Valley navigates its complex challenges, addressing the mental health crisis must become a priority. Integrating mental health services into the existing healthcare framework, along with community support systems, can foster resilience. By creating an environment where mental health is openly discussed and prioritized, we can hope to alleviate the burdens of depression and anxiety, empowering individuals to reclaim their lives. The beauty of this region should be seen not only in its landscapes but also in the strength and resilience of its people who continue to strive for a brighter future amidst the shadows.
Basit Nabi Haroo has Masters in Political Science, AMU Aligarh
