The crisis of global warming is knocking on the doors of nations across the world. In this context, it is unfortunate that the COP-29 summit held in Baku failed to yield any concrete decisions to save the planet. Developed countries seem to be reneging on their past commitments, unwilling to provide financial aid to poorer nations in the fight against global warming. It is not as if these nations are unaware of the catastrophic consequences of the climate crisis. From the United States to Spain, people are grappling with extreme weather conditions. Despite witnessing such devastating impacts, why is it so difficult for countries to arrive at a consensus on tackling this issue?
The repeated international climate summits organized by developed nations appear to be mere formalities. Even after decades of deliberations, there is no clear allocation of responsibilities among nations to mitigate the crisis. This has led India, during COP-29, to express the concerns and frustrations of developing countries, holding a mirror to the actions of wealthier nations. The reality is that developed countries have betrayed the trust of poorer nations. Countries that have agreed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the cost of their development are now looking to wealthier nations for assistance. However, the COP-29 summit in Azerbaijan ended amid sharp disagreements and hollow statements, deepening mistrust between rich and poor countries. This mistrust jeopardizes the possibility of united efforts against global warming in the future.
Historically, developed nations pledged to provide $1.3 trillion annually to cover the costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, they are now unwilling to offer even a fraction of this amount, making it impossible to pool the necessary financial resources to combat environmental damage. Moreover, the set targets in this direction are inadequate. Comprehensive discussions on this critical issue are urgently needed. Instead of providing grants, developed countries are discussing limited assistance in the form of loans, which come with strict conditions. This approach raises further concerns, especially since former U.S. President Donald Trump had previously shown indifference toward the climate crisis, leaving the global community in doubt. The world’s leading power, the United States, appears hesitant to fund climate change mitigation efforts, which could undermine collective initiatives.
While sufficient funding remains elusive, it is crucial to ensure consensus among nations on this issue. Without question, differences should not escalate into discord, and all countries must commit to confronting the challenges posed by climate change collectively. India has made it clear that combating climate change is not solely the responsibility of developing nations. Wealthier nations must stop shirking their duties. Although the discussions at Baku delved into the severity of the climate crisis, there was no genuine effort to grasp its depth. Had there been an agreement on a comprehensive climate finance package, it could have paved the way for resolving core issues. Unfortunately, this did not happen.
The undeniable truth is that developing countries will have to slow down their growth to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, after achieving their economic goals through the reckless exploitation of natural resources during the industrial revolution, developed countries are now hindering the progress of developing nations. Similarly, the annual G-20 summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was seen as a platform where influential countries could tackle global challenges. However, despite high hopes, the summit failed to deliver significant results. While the discussions were enthusiastic, no unanimous resolutions were reached. Experts had already expressed concerns that Brazil might face several challenges during the summit.
Although the proposal for the expansion of the United Nations Security Council received backing, no concrete political will for its implementation was evident. Brazil’s declaration included a call for a global pact to combat hunger, more aid for war-torn Gaza, and an end to hostilities in the Middle East and Ukraine. However, the uncertain global political climate and conflicts hindered meaningful decisions. Newly re-elected U.S. President Donald Trump’s unclear policies and President Joe Biden’s unexpected decision to allow Ukraine to use long-range missiles against Russia added further complexity. These conflicts, coupled with the Israel-Hamas war, have exacerbated global crises, leading to food, fuel, and fertilizer shortages, disproportionately affecting developing nations.
India strongly raised these issues at the summit, highlighting how hunger and war-like situations undermine development. A joint declaration issued in Rio emphasized poverty and hunger eradication, receiving broad support. Discussions also included taxing billionaires globally and reforming the United Nations Security Council. India persistently advocated for increasing membership, but progress remained elusive. Notably, Brazil’s anti-hunger campaign garnered the support of 80 countries, symbolizing a united stand on this critical issue. The campaign reflects the efforts of Brazil’s President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to foster consensus amid disagreements. The summit also underscored the leadership of the Global South, with South Africa set to host the G-20 summit in 2025, following presidencies by Brazil, Indonesia, and India in recent years.
Amidst these discussions, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi engaged in bilateral meetings with world leaders, including UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer and French President Emmanuel Macron, focusing on strategic partnerships and trade agreements. However, despite extensive discussions, no substantial policy breakthroughs emerged. Meanwhile, the pressing issue of financial resources for reducing greenhouse gas emissions remains unresolved, leaving developing nations with no choice but to slow their growth.
Every nation must shoulder its responsibility in combating global warming. Climate finance, green technology adoption, and collaborative policies are essential to addressing this crisis. India has led the Global South at COP-29 and the G-20 summits, urging developed countries to acknowledge their responsibilities. Global unity is crucial in tackling the climate crisis, and wealthier nations must contribute both financially and environmentally. Only through cooperative efforts and dedicated action can we take meaningful steps toward curbing global warming. Indeed, “Without global cooperation, there is no secure environmental future.”
Vikas Meshram is a senior Journalist
