The World of Arabs
The world of Arabs (the WoA), as a distinctive part of the globe, is of extreme significance for both global politics and the global economy. On the other hand, this…
Dr VladislavB Sotirovic
The Geopolitics of South-East Europe and the Importance of the Regional Geostrategic Position at the Turn of the 20th Century
Preface A geopolitical issue of South-East Europe became of very importance for scholars, policymakers, and researchers with the question of the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire as one of the…
Kievan Russia (882−1242): The Original National State of Russians
In the years from 882 to 1242 the first and original national state organization of the Russians – the Kievan Russia (not Kyivan Rusia or Kyiv Rus’!) became directly and…
What is Power in Global Politics and International Relations?
Power in politics Power is the ability to make people, states, movements, organizations, or things do what they would not otherwise have done. It is a matter of fact that…
A Short Overview of Making Colonial Empires by European Powers from the Time of the Vienna Congress up to WWI (1815−1914)
The period in the world’s history from the end of the Napoleonic Wars (1815) to the beginning of the Great War (1914) is usually labeled as the “golden age” of…
Geopolitics of Natural Resources and the Ukraine Conflict
Geopolitics is an approach to politics that stresses the features imposed on foreign policy by geographical location, environment, and natural resources. Geopolitics as a discipline contributes to the emphasis on…
The First Defeat of the Central Powers in the Great War: The 1914 Battle of Cer
It passed more than the 100th anniversary of the end of the Great War in 1914−1918. Proportionally, in the war, Serbia suffered mostly among all countries involved in the conflict…
China’s Soft Power
It is of extreme importance to understand the concept and motivation of soft power by China – the most rising emerging market power today and already the first export nation…
The System of Elections in the USA and Political Parties
Types of elections In the USA, elections are organized on a regular basis for the President, both houses of Congress (the House of Representatives and the Senate), and state and…
Religious Diversity of the Middle East
The Middle East is commonplace from which three global religions originated: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. All three confessions recognize the Prophet, Abraham. Judaism Judaism is a monotheistic religion of the…
Latin America: From the Struggle for Independence (1808) to the Great War (1914)
From the very political point of view, the 19th century in Latin America started in 1808 when the emancipation of the subordinated people against the foreign (Spanish & Portuguese) rule…
From the History of Israeli−Palestinian Conflict: The First Palestinian Intifada against the State of Israel (1987−1993) and its Political Consequences
The meaning of intifada The Arabic word intifada means “shaking off” but in the political language as a term, it means “uprising”. More precisely, this term refers to the two…
What is critical global geopolitics?
For overwhelming Western political analysts, journalists, scientists, etc., the disappearance of the USSR in 1990/91 was symbolized overdramatically by the physical destruction of the Berlin Wall followed by the removal/destruction…
Basic Points About The Zionist Israeli-Arab Palestinian Conflict
What is conflict about? The Zionist Israeli-Arab Palestinian conflict today is one of if not the most significant global security problems to be dealt with.[1] However, this conflict is historically…
The Russian 2009 “Fourteen Points” for the European Security: Why the Proposal Was Rejected?
In 2009, Russian President Medvedev (President from May 7th, 2008 to May 7th, 2012) called for a new European security policy known as “Fourteen Points” as a new security treaty…
Citizenship: Concept and Consequences
Citizenship as a concept The term “citizenship” is usually used either in academia or news as a synonym of nationality and national affiliation (from the Anglo-Saxon, West European perspective followed…
Twenty Years Commemoration Of The “2004 March Pogrom“ In Kosovo
Introduction This article deals with the question of political and human/minority rights in the region of Kosovo & Metohija twenty years after the "2004 March Pogrom“ and twenty-five years after…
Kosovo Independence: Dilemmas on NATO’s Aggression in 1999
Twenty-five years commemoration of NATO’s military intervention against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (the FRY) in March−June 1999 once again opened the question of the Western foundation for Kosovo’s secession…
Human Security and its Dimensions
The concept of human security is a controversial approach by a certain group of post-Cold War 1.0 academicians (after 1990) for the purpose of redefining and at the same time…
The Polish-West Ukrainian Conflict over East Galicia in 1918−1919
The eastern portion of Europe and the end of WWI The end of WWI resulted in significant changes concerning the political boundaries of Central, East, and South-East Europe. For the…
The Mongol Eurasian Empire 1206−1405: The Greatest Continental State in the World’s History
History remembers the Mongols as a pastoral nomadic people from Central Asia who made a significant impression on the world’s history. In essence, the Mongol territorial occupation was of a…
The Concept of Just War and Outlines of the Just War Theory in IR
As a matter of historical fact, since human beings have been living in settled communities (villages, towns, cities), they have sought to protect themselves against different types of military threats…
On Arab Culture and Its Crucial Characteristics
What is Arab? Understanding Arab culture and the values based on it are the crucial points for the proper understanding of the modern region of MENA (composed of the Middle…
Special Features of the Region of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
The Middle East was the home of the earliest civilizations in the world’s history. The first urbanizations and literacy started there. The region of the Middle East usually covers the…
What is Politics?
There are many official and unofficial as well as academic and non-academic approaches and formal/informal definitions of politics and its functioning in society. However, as the most universal concept, it…
From the History of the Middle East on the Crossroads of Cultures: The Ancient Civilizations of the Middle East (up to Islam)
From the very historical perspective, the Middle East has been marked by diversity being a crossroads of civilizations. Nevertheless, at the time of Antique, the region was referred to as…
The Historical Background of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (up to 1914)
The historical background of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict goes back to 1917 (the Balfour Declaration) and the establishment of the British protectorate over Palestine (the Palestine Mandate) after WWI with its…
The Middle East as a “Powder Keg”
The focal feature of both the history and the politics of the region of the Middle East in the Modern and Contemporary Age (during the last 250 years) is the…
Short Introduction to the Middle Eastern Studies: What is the Middle East as the Region?
Middle Eastern Studies are a multicomplex research discipline devoted to as better as knowledge and understanding of different cultures, nationalities, and complexities of the world’s region conventionally known as the…
History of Russia in International Relations in the 1990s: Between the Western Colonization and Self-Interest
History and geopolitics The extreme geopolitical importance of Russia in global politics and international relations is seen as the best from the very basic facts about Russian geography. Russian Federation…
Balkan Geopolitics: Between a Bridge and the Battlefield
The Balkans and Geopolitics The peculiar geostrategic position of the Balkan Peninsula gives us an answer to the question of why it has been throughout history both a bridge and…
Some Basic Remarks on the National Identities of the People Living in Ukraine with Short Historical Background
Ukraine is an East European territory which was originally forming a western part of the Russian Empire in the mid-17th century. That is a present-day independent state and separate ethnolinguistic…
From the Contemporary History of the Balkans: Greece and Slavo-Macedonians (1913-1993)
After the division of Macedonia in 1913 (according to the Bucharest Peace Treaty) neither Serbia, Bulgaria nor Greece recognized the existence of a Macedonian ethnolinguistic nation and, therefore, an assimilation…
Pre- and Post-Soviet Language Policy in the East-Baltic States
Preface A common historical feature of the “Three Baltic sister-states” (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) is that for most of the modern time instead of state independence there were decades of…
Some Remarks on Russia in Global Politics Today
It is a historical law that each state in the world changes with time. However, only a few states experienced dramatic change during the short period of time as Russia did…
From the History of the Ancient World: The First Three-Continent State−An Ancient Achaemenid Empire of Persia/Iran
Preface The Empire of Persia was the first global empire to cover the parts of the three continents (known at that time): Asia, Africa, and Europe. The story of the…
The Collective West vs. Russia: Towards the End of a Pax Americana?
Preface A peaceful dissolution of the USSR according to the agreement between Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan in 1988 in Reykjavik brought a new dimension of global geopolitics in which…
Making the USA as Global Greatest Power: From Alaska (1867) to Europe (1917)
Introduction It can be indicated from a historical viewpoint that the USA emerged on the stage of global (world) politics in 1867 (four years before Germany did the same in…
The Final Colonial Partition of Africa at the Turn of the 20th Century
The “Black Continent” of Africa until the end of the eighth decade of the 19th century was not properly known territory, especially its central parts which have been unknown to…
Zionism and Israel
Zionism The term Zionism is derived from the word Zion that in the Hebrew language and cultural-historical tradition of the Jews refers to the citadel (acropolis) of the city of…
Feminism and Historical Struggle for Gender Equality
Preface It is important to have a short look at the history of this battle for more women's rights. That is why I will shortly explain the ideology and social…
History: Making Modern Russia from 1462 (Ivan the Great) to 1815 (Alexander I)
The period from 1462 to 1815 is of special importance for the history of Russia and the Russian people as well as for the history of Eurasia for at least…
Gender and Politics
Preface The text has aim to investigate the situation of female representation in politics in the industrialized contemporary Western democracies. Though women are more and more visible in politics, we…
On Global Security Models and Their Functionality
The fundamental aim of the text below is to deal with the concept and models of global security as one of the crucial topics of global politics studies. The question…
A Basic Academic Approach on International Systems of States and Security
We have to keep in mind that a term and notion of security usually implies a kind of sense of protection and safety from different possible harms coming from „outside“.…
War And War Crimes: A Very Short Academic Approach
After WWII, there was a growing number of significant non-state actors in international relations (IR) like the OUN or various specialist agencies connected to it. Nevertheless, two key developments stimulated…
The 1823 Monroe Doctrine and its First Consequences for Global Politics: The Making the U.S. to be a Global Empire
The Doctrine (1823) The doctrine was presented by the 5-th U.S. President James Monroe (1817−1825) in 1823 as an official warning to (West) European powers that any European policy of…
Belgium’s Pandora Box with Historical Background
Introduction This article aims to present the main inner-political problems in multilingual and multicultural Belgium – a country in which the capital of the European Union (the EU) and NATO…
Just War and Just War Theory
One of the most disputed topics with regard to the concept of war is the idea of a Just War – a war held to be founded on the principles…
Collective Security and the System of UN in International Relations (IR)
An idea of effective collective security is the foundation of the United Nations (UN). Fundamentally, collective security has to be a system to protect global peace and security through the…
The Theoretical Concept of Geopolitics in International Relations and Global Politics
“Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland; Who rules the Heartland commands the World Island; Who controls the World Island commands the World” (Sir Halford John Mackinder, 1919) The…
On Soft Power: How to Measure Soft Power, Actors of Soft Power, Foreign Policy and Soft Power
How to measure soft power? As social power is to a very extent a kind of social capital, the measurement of soft power is, in principle, difficult from the…
From the History of International Relations (IR): War, National Interest, and the League of Nations
In broad terms, the national interest refers to the goals of foreign politics, objectives, or policy preferences that benefit a nation or society as a whole. That is the foreign…
The Concept And The Causes Of War
There are many definitions and/or understandings of war. However, from the very academic point of view, war can be understood as an armed conflict between at least two sides usually…
The Factors of Soft Power’s Influence on Politics
It is already at least two last decades worldwide recognized that soft power became an extremely significant instrument in both politics and diplomacy in the hands of many states but…
What is a Soft Power?
Understanding soft power in politics and diplomacy French Emperor Napoleon I, was convinced that only two powers existed in the world: the sword and the mind. Sword can prevail…
Fifty Years of the 1973 Yom Kippur War
Who is guilty of the war? In October 2023 it will be fifty years since the Yom Kippur war occurred. This war is known as the Fourth Arab-Israeli War or…
1990 Yugoslav Election And The Destruction Of The Country
Thirty-Three Years Since the First Post-WWII “Democratic and Multiparty” Elections in All Six Yugoslav Republics in 1990 and the Background of the Destruction of the Country Preface It will…
The Origins and Essence of West European Imperialistic Colonization
Imperialism and colonialism One of the focal historical features of the western (West European) civilization was and is imperialistic colonization followed by the brutal social, economic, political, financial, etc. exploitation…
From the History of the GB-EU Relations
How Great Britain fell for a confidence trick In the 1960s, when Great Britain twice sought entry into then the EEC/EC, the historian Sir Arthur Bryant issued an unheeded warning:…
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